Discover essential information before moving to France. Learn about the country’s geography, population, language, currency, transportation, major cities, key tourist attractions, healthcare, climate, business hours, cultural tips, cuisine, festivals, safety, shopping tips, technology, accommodation, cost of living, visas, education, work permits, sports, local laws, banking, green spaces, and religious sites. Your complete guide to a smooth transition to life in France.
Geography
Country: France
Capital: Paris
Area: 551,695 km²
Regions: 18 administrative regions (13 metropolitan regions and 5 overseas regions)
Population
Total Population: Approximately 67 million (as of 2023)
Population Density: About 122 people per km²
Major Ethnic Groups: French (majority), with minorities including Maghrebi, African, Asian, and European immigrants
Language
Official Language: French
Regional Languages: Occitan, Breton, Corsican, Alsatian, Basque, Catalan, Flemish
Currency
Currency: Euro (€)
Exchange Rate: 1 Euro (€) = 1.09 US Dollars (USD) (as of May 2024)
Transportation
Major Airports:
- Charles de Gaulle Airport (Paris)
- Orly Airport (Paris)
- Nice Côte d’Azur Airport (Nice)
- Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport (Lyon)
- Marseille Provence Airport (Marseille)
Main Railway Operators: SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français)
Public Transport: Buses, Trams, Metros, Regional Trains (RER in Paris), High-Speed Trains (TGV)
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Major Cities
- Paris
- Marseille
- Lyon
- Toulouse
- Nice
- Nantes
- Strasbourg
- Montpellier
- Bordeaux
- Lille
Key Tourist Attractions
- Eiffel Tower
- Louvre Museum
- Notre-Dame Cathedral
- Palace of Versailles
- Mont Saint-Michel
- French Riviera
- Loire Valley Châteaux
- Disneyland Paris
- Provence
- Normandy D-Day Beaches
Emergency Contacts
Police: 17
Ambulance: 15
Fire Brigade: 18
Healthcare
Healthcare System: Universal healthcare system funded by the government. Public hospitals and private clinics available.
Emergency Services: Widely available, with emergency rooms in hospitals and urgent care centers.
Pharmacies: Widely available, with 24-hour pharmacies in larger cities.
Climate
Climate Type: Generally temperate, with Mediterranean climate in the south, oceanic climate in the west, and continental climate in the northeast.
Average Temperature (Summer): 20-30°C (68-86°F)
Average Temperature (Winter): 0-10°C (32-50°F)
Business Hours
Typical Business Hours: 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM (Monday to Friday)
Banks: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM (Monday to Friday, some open on Saturday mornings)
Shops: 9:00 AM – 7:00 PM (Monday to Saturday, with variations)
Cultural Tips
Greeting: A handshake or “la bise” (cheek kisses) among acquaintances. Use “Bonjour” (Good morning) or “Bonsoir” (Good evening) as a greeting.
Dining: Wait for the host to start eating; keep hands on the table, not on your lap. Say “Bon appétit” before starting to eat.
Dress Code: Generally casual, but fashionable. Business settings require formal attire.
Cuisine
Popular Dishes: Coq au Vin, Ratatouille, Bouillabaisse, Croissants, Baguettes, Quiche Lorraine
Famous Beverages: Wine (Bordeaux, Champagne, Burgundy), Pastis, Cognac
Desserts: Crème Brûlée, Tarte Tatin, Macarons, Éclairs
Festivals and Events
- Bastille Day (July 14)
- Cannes Film Festival (May)
- Tour de France (July)
- Nice Carnival (February)
- Fête de la Musique (June 21)
- Christmas Markets (December)
Safety and Security
Crime Rate: Generally low, but higher in larger cities. Petty theft and pickpocketing are common in tourist areas.
Travel Insurance: Recommended to cover medical expenses, theft, and cancellations.
Shopping Tips
Sales Periods: Winter sales (January-February), Summer sales (June-August)
Markets: Marché aux Puces (Paris), Marché Provençal (Antibes), Marché des Capucins (Bordeaux)
VAT Refund: Available for non-EU residents for purchases over a certain amount. Refund can be claimed at the airport.
Technology and Apps
Useful Apps:
- Citymapper (public transport)
- Uber (ridesharing)
- SNCF (atrain tickets)
- Google Maps (navigation)
- Duolingo (language learning)
E-Payments: Widely accepted. Credit cards and mobile payments (Apple Pay, Google Pay) are common.
Roaming: EU roaming regulations apply; check with your mobile provider for details.
Accommodation
Types: Hotels, Bed and Breakfasts, Hostels, Airbnb, Gîtes (holiday homes)
Booking Tips: Book in advance for better rates, especially during peak tourist seasons.
Average Prices:
- Budget: €50-€100 per night
- Mid-range: €100-€200 per night
- Luxury: €200+ per night
Cost of Living
Types: Hotels, Bed and Breakfasts, Hostels, Airbnb, Gîtes (holiday homes)
Booking Tips: Book in advance for better rates, especially during peak tourist seasons.
Average Prices:
- Budget: €50-€100 per night
- Mid-range: €100-€200 per night
- Luxury: €200+ per night
Visas and Entry Requirements
Visa Requirements: Schengen visa required for non-EU citizens staying longer than 90 days in a 180-day period.
Passport Validity: Must be valid for at least 3 months beyond the planned date of departure from the Schengen area.
Entry Restrictions: Check for current COVID-19 restrictions and other entry requirements.
Education
School System: Free public education system, mandatory from ages 3 to 16. Lycées offer secondary education leading to the Baccalauréat.
Higher Education: Notable universities include Sorbonne University, University of Paris, École Normale Supérieure.
Language of Instruction: Primarily French, with some programs offered in English, especially at the university level.
Working in France
Work Permits: Required for non-EU citizens. Different types of permits are available based on job type and duration.
Job Market: Competitive, with strong sectors including technology, finance, tourism, and manufacturing.
Working Hours: Typically 35 hours per week. Overtime is regulated.
Sports and Recreation
Work Permits: Required for non-EU citizens. Different types of permits are available based on job type and duration.
Job Market: Competitive, with strong sectors including technology, finance, tourism, and manufacturing.
Working Hours: Typically 35 hours per week. Overtime is regulated.
Local Laws and Customs
Smoking: Banned in public places including restaurants, bars, and public transport.
Alcohol: Legal drinking age is 18. Alcohol is widely available in shops and restaurants.
Respect for Heritage: Strict regulations to protect cultural heritage sites. Unauthorized alterations or damage can lead to severe penalties.
Banking and Finance
Major Banks: BNP Paribas, Société Générale, Crédit Agricole, Crédit Mutuel
ATMs: Widely available, especially in urban areas.
Credit Cards: Accepted almost everywhere. Visa and Mastercard are the most widely used.
Green Spaces and Nature
National Parks: Vanoise National Park, Mercantour National Park, Cévennes National Park, Écrins National Park
Urban Parks: Luxembourg Gardens (Paris), Parc de la Tête d’Or (Lyon), Promenade du Paillon (Nice)
Beaches: French Riviera (Nice, Cannes, Saint-Tropez), Normandy Beaches, Brittany Beaches
Religious Sites
Major Cathedrals: Notre-Dame de Paris, Chartres Cathedral, Reims Cathedral, Strasbourg Cathedral
Religious Festivals: Christmas, Easter, Assumption of Mary (August 15), All Saints’ Day (November 1)
Pilgrimage Sites: Lourdes, Mont Saint-Michel, Vézelay